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HARRIET'S WORK
How did your production skills develop throughout this project?
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Preliminary exercise
One of the earliest productions we worked on was a preliminary exercise in continuity editing. Our early production skills were very basic, and this was an introduction to more ways in which we can create meaning in a text using different editing, directing, camera and acting techniques
Task
Practice continuity editing by filming someone walking down a corridor, entering a room and interacting with someone in it
Techniques we practiced using
Issues:
...- shot reverse shot
- match on action
- 180 degree rule
- whip pan
- focus push
- panning shot
- tilt
- basic lighting techniques
- we also made a brief shot list
- dutch angle
What we didn't have
- call sheet
- script
- tripod/monopod
- dolly
- props
- stabiliser
- microphone
- mood board
What I learned
- body language is as important as dialogue
- director needs to be clear/may need to demonstrate
- shot lists make it easier
- shooting in reverse order
- continuity (eg turning out lights) must be payed attention to
- how to use manual focus
- get lots of footage (often of the same scene) from different angles/distances
- always try and jump at least 2 shot distances (eg extreme long shot to close up), other wise it looks like a continuity error
- see what footage looks like with and without lighting
- a script would be helpful
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Continuous editing v. Discontinuity editing
Continuity editing uses techniques which immerse the audience in the media text, make it smooth and show events as they happen in chronological order. Discontinuity editing however makes the audience acutely aware that they are watching an artificial textwhich has been constructed, and uses techniques such as jump cuts and the breaking of the 180 degree rule which take away from audience immersion.
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Early sample scenes
Our first sample scene was very short, it was of our protagonist jogging and playing tennis.
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How our technical skills developed:
- a lot of footage was shaky - thought to bring a stabiliser next time we would film
- for more shot variety, use a GoPro to get POV shots of the protagonist (using accessories to attach it to his head)
- get more shots and more shot variety next time
- record sound of things like panting and feet running whilst there for verisimilitude
- get even more involved as a director to show how you want things to happen - the running in this scene is very unrealistic
- bring a shot list/call sheet for future shoots
- think of things you could do once you're their - e.g. getting some training shots of him warming up would have added to verisimilitude
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Our second sample scene was shot inside, which brought more issues with it. This is the scene where the protagonist's partner (Cathy) is leaving him.
Issues:
- the hand opening the cupboard has lots of short takes, so fast that you can't really make out what is happening, and it takes away from audience immersion because its so disorienting
- include a master shot or ELS
- shots of the partner leaving and getting in the car would help with verisimilitude
- nowhere near enough set dressing, the space in the room wasn't used nearly enough
- Mise-en-scene missing:
- include tennis equipment in the background (racket, bag, water bottle)
- passport (shot of it being put in the bag)
- photos of the couple together and the team (have partner pick them up then put them down again, angrily)
- panning shots of props
- in wardrobe have clear split of his/her side
- have a larger suitcase, get a shot of Cathy grabbing everything from one side of the wardrobe and putting it in the suitcase
- There were still issues with directing, so more demonstration was needed next time
Progress since the last sample scene:
- This time we brought a call sheet and shot list
- we used a stabiliser for the panning shots
- we improvised some of the shots looking at the space we had and thinking of ways to be more creative in it
- a lot more shot variety to choose from in editing
Later sample scenes
This is the 2nd attempt at filming the scene where the tennis player's partner (Cathy) is leaving him.
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Progress since the last attempt:
- There was much more involvement as a director, demonstrating to the actress what I wanted her to do
- even more shot variety was used
- a call sheet and shot list was used
- much more set dressing:
- tennis equipment is placed throughout the room
- photos of the couple and the tennis team have been added for verisimilitude
- female beauty products and jewellery were placed on the surface in front of the mirror
- stereotypically female books were placed on one side of the bed, and stereotypically male ones on the other
- the wardrobe was changed so that there is a clear divide between men's and women's clothes
- a larger suitcase that is more realistic for a permanent move
- manual focus was used in some shots (varying focus push/pull)
- There were no overwhelmingly disorienting short takes
Issues:
- There are sound issues with this sample scene
- slight continuity error - the hand pauses on the cupboard door
- The lighting was difficult to work with, but there wasn't any more we could do to improve it
Flexibility and issues faced
one of the key skills I had to work on throughout the production was flexibility: actors cancelled on shoots a lot, the weather was sometimes bad so filming had to be pushed back repeatedly. We had to find ways to overcome these difficulties.
Cast:
- Originally the partner of the protagonist was going to be another man, because we wanted to include non-heteronormative representation, taking influence from films like My Beautiful Laundrette, or Withnail and I. But because we had already cast the protagonist and filmed several scenes with him, it would be practically too difficult to reshoot these all again with a different actor, as he did not want play the role if the character wasn't heterosexual. We had to change the casting of the partner to a female, because we had not filmed any scenes with them yet.
- with the actress initially playing the role of the partner, there were issues with following direction, and said she felt uncomfortable on camera, despite agreeing to film. This lead to a cast change, and a reshoot, which was frustrating, but definitely the right decision as the second attempt at filming the packing scene was far more successful than the first.
- Sometimes the actors had trouble following direction: in the car crash scene, we had to reshoot the protagonist's reaction countless times, demonstrating repeatedly the way he should react without making it look too fake or awkward. After about 45 minutes of this, we decided to change the shot to a close-up reaction, and showing the car wheels stopping suddenly.
- For the hospital scene, we asked the nurses at our school if we could film in their office, and they were really helpful and enthusiastic, offering to bring in their old work clothes and move the beds around the room. They also helped us edit the script to make it sound more medically accurate. But filming in the school nurse office was difficult, as at lunch times we had to repeatedly cancel because it was too full, but we eventually filmed after school.
Set dressing:
- at the start we forgot to bring in bits of costume and set dressing, which took away from verisimilitude
- to overcome this we made detailed plans for each shoot (linked below)
Health and safety:
- because one of our scenes involves a car crash we had to make risk assessments to avoid injury
- To make sure no one actually got hit by a car, we made clear markers on the road for where the jogger should stop, and where the car should. The car wasn't going faster than 10km/h. If an accident were to occur, the nearest hospital was a 10 minute drive away, as a safety net.
- seatbelts were worn at all times
- there were no injuries or accidents which occurred
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BTS
We made behind the scenes videos for some shoots to show evidence of directing. As time goes on our directing skills improved as we became more clear in our descriptions and demonstrations for the actors
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Final Cut Pro X
This is a demonstration of how our initial basic editing was done using FCPX
- importing footage from a portable hard drive
- creating libraries, events and projects
- inserting clips to the timeline
- cutting, detaching audio, other basics
- saving
- publishing to the web
When we started editing more scenes we used some more advanced effects
- inserting Foley sound
- sound effects
- transitions (cut to black, fade to black)
- audiobridge
- music
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When I filmed my evaluation question 2 creative 'who wants to be a millionaire' I used a green screen and needed to se even more technical effects in FCPX
- green screen
- screen recording
- keyer
- position of clips
- layering
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Whilst editing another rough cut, I had some difficulty with adding transitions to titles in FCPX
- adding titles to a project
- font and size
- blade tool (short cuts)
- cmd + Z
- transitions (in and out)
- making transitions work on only titles
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